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Massive Black Holes in Star Clusters. II. Realistic Cluster Models

机译:星团中有大量黑洞。二。现实的集群模型

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摘要

We have followed the evolution of multi-mass star clusters containing massive central black holes through collisional N-body simulations done on GRAPE6. Each cluster is composed of between 16,384 to 131,072 stars together with a black hole with an initial mass of M_BH=1000 Msun. We follow the evolution of the clusters under the combined influence of two-body relaxation, stellar mass-loss and tidal disruption of stars. The (3D) mass density profile follows a power-law distribution \rho \sim r^{-\alpha} with slope \alpha=1.55. This leads to a constant density profile of bright stars in projection, which makes it highly unlikely that core collapse clusters contain intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs). Instead globular clusters containing IMBHs can be fitted with standard King profiles. The disruption rate of stars is too small to form an IMBH out of a M_BH \approx 50 Msun progenitor black hole, unless a cluster starts with a central density significantly higher than what is seen in globular clusters. Kinematical studies can reveal 1000 Msun IMBHs in the closest clusters. IMBHs in globular clusters are only weak X-ray sources since the tidal disruption rate of stars is low and the star closest to the IMBH is normally another black hole. For globular clusters, dynamical evolution can push compact stars near the IMBH to distances small enough that they become detectable through gravitational radiation. If 10% of all globular clusters contain IMBHs, extragalactic globular clusters could be one of the major sources for {\it LISA}. (abridged)
机译:通过在GRAPE6上进行的碰撞N体模拟,我们追踪了包含大量中心黑洞的多质量恒星团的演化。每个星团由16,384至131,072颗恒星以及一个黑洞组成,其初始质量为M_BH = 1000 Msun。我们遵循两体弛豫,恒星质量损失和恒星潮汐破坏共同作用下的星团演化。 (3D)质量密度分布遵循幂律分布\ rho \ sim r ^ {-\ alpha},斜率\ alpha = 1.55。这导致投影中亮恒星的密度分布恒定,这使得核心崩塌星团不太可能包含中等质量的黑洞(IMBH)。相反,可以将包含IMBH的球状星团与标准King剖面拟合。恒星的破坏速率太小,无法从M_BH \ 50 Msun祖黑洞中形成IMBH,除非星团的中心密度明显高于球状星团。运动学研究可以发现最接近的星团中有1000个Msun IMBH。球状星团中的IMBH只是弱X射线源,因为恒星的潮汐破坏率很低,最靠近IMBH的恒星通常是另一个黑洞。对于球状星团,动力学演化可以将IMBH附近的紧凑恒星推到足够小的距离,使其可以通过引力辐射检测到。如果所有球状星团中有10%包含IMBH,则河外球状星团可能是{\ it LISA}的主要来源之一。 (简略)

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